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Editor in Chief
by ORBUS.BE
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No more
Paris nor Brussels!
Stop
terrorism!
We want to live in peace with all
our neighbors.
regardless of their religion, color and origin.
Therefore, we condemn any
kind of terrorism!
*****
Ne više Pariz ni Brisel!
Stop terorizmu!
Mi želimo živjeti u miru sa svim našim
komšijama,
bez obzira koje su vjere, boje kože i porijekla.
Zato mi osuđujemo svaku vrstu terorizma!


Prof. dr. Murray Hunter
University Malaysia Perlis


Eva MAURINA
20
Years to Trade Economic Independence for Political Sovereignty -
Eva MAURINA


Aleš Debeljak
In
Defense of Cross-Fertilization: Europe and Its Identity
Contradictions - Aleš Debeljak
ALEŠ
DEBELJAK - ABECEDA DJETINJSTVA
ALEŠ DEBEJAK
- INTERVJU; PROSVJEDI, POEZIJA, DRŽAVA


Rattana Lao holds a doctorate in Comparative and International
Education from Teachers College, Columbia University and is
currently teaching in Bangkok.

Rattana Lao
New picture from 2016


Bakhtyar Aljaf
Director of Middle-East and Balkan Studies (IFIMES) in Ljubljana,
Slovenia


Rakesh Krishnan Simha Géométrie variable of a love triangle – India, Russia and the US


Amna Whiston
Amna Whiston is a London-based writer specialising in moral philosophy. As a
PhD candidate at Reading University, UK, her main research interests
are in ethics, rationality, and moral psychology.


Eirini Patsea
Eirini Patsea is a Guest Editor in Modern Diplomacy, and
specialist in Cultural Diplomacy and Faith-based Mediation.


Belmir Selimovic
Can we trust the government to do the right thing, are they really
care about essential things such as environmental conditions and
education in our life?


Dubravko Lovrenović


Manal Saadi
Postgraduate researcher in International Relations and Diplomacy at
the Geneva-based UMEF University


doc.dr.Jasna Cosabic
professor of IT law
and EU law at Banja Luka College,
Bosnia and Herzegovina


Aleksandra Krstic
, studied in Belgrade (Political Science) and in Moscow
(Plekhanov’s IBS). Currently, a post-doctoral researcher at the Kent
University in Brussels (Intl. Relations). Specialist for the
MENA-Balkans frozen and controlled conflicts.
Contact: alex-alex@gmail.com


Dr.Swaleha Sindhi is
Assistant Professor in the Department
of Educational Administration, the Maharaja Sayajirao University of
Baroda, India. Decorated educational practitioner Dr. Sindhi is a
frequent columnist on related topics, too. She is the Vice President
of Indian Ocean Comparative Education Society (IOCES). Contact:
swalehasindhi @gmail.com

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|
IT law - a challenge of
dispute resolution
doc. dr Jasna Čošabić
IT
law or cyber law or internet law, is evolving in giant steps. On its
way, it has many challenges to meet and a lot of burdens to cope
with. Being a part of international law, it is though specific in
its nature, mode of implementation and protection. While the classic
international law deals with classic state territories, state
jurisdictions, with a clear distinction between national laws, the
IT law is uncertain about the state jurisdiction, earthbound
borders, rules and proceedings regarding any dispute arising on
internet.
However, with a fast development of information technology, the
number of legal contracts and businesses on internet rises,
requiring the fast response by legal order in terms of regulating
and protecting it.
From the time internet emerged, each entity operating on internet
provided for its own rules. With the IT becoming more complex and
demanding so were the rules. We therefore say that internet is
self-regulated, with no visible interference by state, apart from
criminal activities control.
Some authors even call the internet private legal order where
stateless justice1 apply. Justice usually needs a state, which is a
supreme authority, having the monopoly of violence, or the
legitimate use of physical force. But speaking in internet terms,
self-regulation has evolved, with the state interference being
mainly excluded.
The form of entering into online contracts gets simplified, mainly
requiring just a mouse click by 'I agree' or 'I accept'. The
quantity of such legal interactions increases. It is often simpler
and more convenient to purchase goods via internet, e-commerce
blumishes. Parallely to Single Market, the European Commission, the
Junker's Commission, has started to boost a Digital Single Market in
2015, which would provide growth of digital economy. It's aim is to
provide the EU citizens equal online access to goods and services,
making a parallel world to a conventional or a non-digital one. The
Commission has just, on 25 May 2016, presented a package of measures
in that regard with the objectives of advancing EU data protection
rules, reform of telecoms rules, copyright, simplyfying consumer
rules for online purchases, providing the same online content and
services regardless of EU country, etc.
However, what happens if a dispute arises from an online legal
interaction. Which court is in charge? In which state? Under what
fees?
The law has always provided for a procedural protection of
obligations entered into by various types of contracts. The usual
protection belongs to courts. Court proceedings may sometimes be
time-consuming, barry expensive fees, and are usually non-voluntary
for at least one party to the proceedings. That usually brings the
use of multi-level proceedings, recourse to remedies and ends in
compulsory enforcement proceedings.
With the development of trade, especially of trade which crossed the
state borders, there emerged a system of solving disputes before a
non-judicial bodies, arbitration. Arbitration became a convenient
way of solving disputes arising from contracts that involve a cross
border element. The very important segment, which was not present in
conventional court proceedings, is voluntarity of parties which
agree even prior to any dispute that might arise, about an
arbitration body which would be in charge, in case a dispute
happens. The arbitration become institutionalised, like the Paris
ICC Arbitration, New York International Arbitration Center, etc..
However, many forms remain non-institutionalised, which include
impartial experts in the area of dispute, who with the help of
parties, and implementing various forms of mediation and
arbitration, aim to resolve the issue. This way of settling cases
became very well accepted, as the parties voluntarily agree to
arbitration rules and therefore enforcement of any such decision
becomes more acceptable to parties and usually deprived of a
compulsory element. So not many arbitration awards face compulsory
enforcement by courts, which is otherwise provided by the New York
Convention2.
However, with the emergence of online trade, there also came a
question of solving any such dispute that might arise from online
trade, whether the subject of such trade are goods or services. It
is more natural for parties who enter into their contract online, to
solve the dispute online.
In February 2016 the European Commission has launched an Online
Dispute Resolution Platform (ODR)3 in order to provide for the
structured and institutionalized recourse to resolving legal
disputes arising on internet. It is designed to bring together the
alternative dispute resolution (ADR) entities by member states,
which fulfill certain quality conditions, provided in the Directive
on consumer ADR. 4
The European Parliament and the Council of the EU have adopted two
key documents in respect of online dispute resolution (2013), i.e.
the Directive on alternative dispute resolution for consumer
disputes and Regulation on online dispute resolution for consumer
disputes. 5
The parties to the proceedings are a consumer, being a natural
person, acting for purposes which are outside his trade, business,
craft or profession, and resident in the Union, and a trader, a
natural or legal person, privately or publicly owned acting for
purposes relating to his trade, business, craft or profession.
The fees of the proceedings are supposed to be minimal or none. The
length of proceedings should not exceed 90 days. Comparing to court
proceedings, which are often lengthy and costly, this makes a good
alternative.
Each trader is obliged to make visible the link to ODR platform,
informing and enabling thus the consumers to initiate the
proceedings in case of dispute.
The online dispute proceedings are to be led by key principles6 that
ADR must fulfil including expertise, independence and impartiality,
transparency including listing of ADR entities, natural persons in
charge of ADR, the average length of ADR procedure, the legal effect
of the outcome of ADR procedure including penalties for
non-compliance, the enforceability of the ADR decision, if relevant.
ADR proceedings must be effective, available and accessible with
duration of up to 90 days except in highly complex disputes.
But the question which arises after every dispute is solved, is the
enforcement of its outcome.
While the EU has just recently put forward the ODR platform,
creating common principles of procedure for alternative dispute
resolution entities joining the platform, there are already some
good examples of self-regulated dispute resolution bodies. Some of
the most successful models include Pay Pal, CyberSettle, and Domain
dispute resolution-UDRP.
CyberSettle, the world's first online claim settlement company which
was launched in late 90's and pattented in 2001, invented the
'double-blind bid' dispute resolution process, which includes two
parties each making three offers and three demands in dispute
resolution, in separate 'blind' submissions. The CyberSettle
automatically choses the closest middle solution. PayPal profiled a
system of chargeback, upon the complaint by the customer to his
credit card issuer, in case, for example, of not receiving the
ordered goods. PayPal holds the funds until the issue is resolved.
UDRP (Uniform Domain-Name Resolution Policy) was designed to protect
Trademarks from registering the same or similar domain names by
non-owners of Trademarks, or cybersquatting.
The common ingredient of these success stories is that the above ODR
bodies themselfes provided for an efficient system of enforcement,
i.e. the self-enforcement. The self-enforcement is considered to be
the simplest and best way of enforcing a decision arising from an
online dispute. Self-enforcement is possible with the support of
technology.
Another good incentive for enforcement is a trust the trader enjoys
in the digital market. The impairment of the trust in the trader,
would automatically scale down his position in the digital market.
If a trader holds a Trustmark, as a guarantee of his quality, losing
it for not complying with an online dispute resolution decision,
would put him in a disadvantaged position, and would certainly make
him obey the decision.
Moreover, disclosure of list of traders not complying with ADR/ODR
decision might be detrimental to their reputation, which speaking of
online traders, plays very important role in geting trust from the
consumers in digital market. Furthermore, social networking on
internet enable the information to spread fast, which as a result
may lead to a drop of trader rating.
The trust is, speaking of online business, of utmost importance.
Digital market is more sensitive and depending upon acceptance by
the public then regular market. It responds quicker and any flaw is
easily transmitted via internet. It lacks the physical assesment and
therefore it is more reliable on written information. The market
rules will certainly define that it is better for a trader to comply
with the ODR decision, then to get an unfavourable reputation.
E-commerce and e-business relies significantly on trust that it has
built towards the customers. A customers is much more careful when
entering an online shopping site then entering a real shopping mall.
It is still early to have a case-law resulting from running of the
ODR platform, as it has just been released in February 2016. However
the move by the European Commission to bring the self-regulation and
self-enforcement under certain unified rules, shall certainly bring
results. The platform is currently applicable in EU member states,
except for Croatia, Luxemburg, Poland, Romania and Spain. The
remaining 23 member states reported to the Commission a wide list of
ADR bodies, which may operate under different names, ombudsman,
mediator, arbitrator, etc. This is a huge step in moving from the
conventional court system, in cases that originated in online
interactions. That gives another unified form to the online legal
order that has been creating spontaneously and hectically from the
time the internet spread as a tool. The European Commission,
representing the key governing functions of the EU, made a move
towards bringing online system of running businses, especially B2C,
more secure and more convenient for the consumers.
The enforcement of ADR decision should therefore not be uncertainty
of online dispute resolution proceedings. In that regard, it should
be stressed that a milestone judgment of the European Court of Human
Rights, Hornsby v. Greece (1997), provided that it would be
'illusory of a Contracting State's domestic legal system allowed a
final, binding judicial decision to remain inoperative to the
detriment of one party'. Accordingly, all procedural guarantees
would be purposeless without protecting for the implementation of
the result of the proceedings.
Although the ODR proceedings are not judicial proceedings, often
being left without state control, amounting thus to stateless
justice as referred to above, it would be unimaginable that the
decision ending the online dispute resolution, remains with no
effect in praxis. It would make the whole concept of online dispute
resolution useless and deprived of its advantages, such as
availability, fast resolution, small or no fees, and would
eventually bring parties to the court, with all the shortcomings
when online disputes are at stake, such as long proceedings, high
fees, time-consuming, duty of appearing of parties in person, but
with a certain enforcement. Accordingly, in order for the online
dispute resolution to endure and evolve, as a breakthrough in IT
law, the enforcement of its outcome, must not be compromised.
8 June 2016

doc. dr Jasna Čošabić
professor of IT law and EU law at Banja Luka College,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasnacosabic@live.com
1 See Ortolani Pietro, The Three Challenges of Stateless Justice,
Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 2016, 0, 1-32, Oxford,
p. 6
2 The Convention on the Recognition of Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards, 1958
3
https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/odr/main/index.cfm?event=main.home.show&lng=EN
4 Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 21 May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer
disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive
2009/22/EC (Directive on consumer ADR)
5 Regulation (EU) no 524/2013 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 21 May 2013 on online dispute resolution for consumer
disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive
2009/22/EC (Regulation on consumer ODR)
6 Directive on consumer ADR
JUNE 08, 2016
Pakistan in the US, the
US in Pakistan: Self-denial is the biggest threat to world peace
By Rakesh Krishnan SIMHA
One
of the ironies of being a Pakistani living abroad, especially in the
West, is having to pose as Indian. According to Asghar Choudhri, the
chairman of Brooklyn’s Pakistani American Merchant Association, a
lot of Pakistanis can’t get jobs after 9/11 and after the botched
Times Square bombing of 2010, it’s even worse. “They are now
pretending they are Indian so they can get a job,” he told a US wire
service.
That is because while Indians are highly integrated immigrants –
besides being the highest educated and best paid of all ethnic
groups in the US – Pakistanis have taken part in terrorist
activities in the very lands that gave them shelter. (Even the
frequent Gallup surveys conducted in the US, found out repeatedly
that the biggest threat to the international security and peace are:
nr. 3 Saudis; nr. 2 Pakistanis, and nr.1 – surprise, surprise – the
US itself.)
From Ramzi Yousef, who bombed the World Trade Center in 1993 (8
years before Bin Laden) and is now serving a 240-year prison
sentence to Mir Aimal Kansi, who shot dead CIA agents and was later
executed by lethal injection, to Faisal Shahzad, the Times Square
“Idiot Bomber”, there is a long line of Pakistanis who have left a
trail of terror.
The San Bernardino, California, attack of December 2015 by a
Pakistani American couple was the most spectacular in recent times.
The husband was American-born raised and yet he chose to launch a
terror act against the people of the United States.
But while Pakistanis wear an Indian mask for Western consumption,
back home it’s business as usual.
Two incidents amply demonstrate that Pakistanis have learnt nothing.
One was the widespread outrage across the country over Osama Bin
Laden’s killing by American commandos. In response to America’s
exposure of Bin Laden’s hiding place, Pakistan moved to shut down
the informant network that lead the Americans there.
The other was the unholy fracas over CIA shooter Kansi’s execution.
The day after Kansi was sentenced to death by an American court,
four Americans were shot dead on the streets of Pakistan. His
funeral was attended by the entire civilian administration in his
hometown Quetta, the local Pakistani Corps Commander, and the then
Pakistani ambassador to the United States.
Thousands of mourners turned out as Quetta city shuttered down.
Kansi’s coffin, draped in black cloth with verses from the Koran
embroidered on it in gold, was carried on the shoulders of young men
some 10 miles from the airport to his family’s home in Quetta. In
Islamabad, the capital city, lawyers and university students poured
out on the streets.
Misplaced sympathy
The irony of outpourings of support for hardened terrorists is that
Pakistan is seriously impacted by terrorism. A global study by the
London-based Institute for Economics and Peace ranks Pakistan fourth
on the Global Terrorism Index (GTI) list, behind Iraq, Afghanistan
and Nigeria.
According to the study, “Terrorism remains highly concentrated with
most (58 per cent) of the activity occurring in just five countries
— Iraq, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Syria.”
It mentions the most fatal terrorist attack in Pakistan, of 2014:
“Assailants detonated an explosives-laden vehicle and then stormed
the Army Public School in Peshawar city, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
province, Pakistan. At least 150 students and staff were killed and
131 were wounded in the attack. All seven assailants were either
killed by security forces or detonated their explosives-laden
vests.”
The gunmen belonged to the terrorist group Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
(TTP), which is also known as the Pakistani Taliban because it is
based in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is an offshoot of the original
Taliban which was created by Pakistan as a weapon to be used against
Afghanistan and India.
State sponsored terror
That Pakistan is a state sponsor of terror is well known. In Hillary
Clinton’s words to Islamabad, if you harbour snakes in your
backyard, don’t expect them to only bite your neighbour.
It was Pakistan’s demagogue dictator General Zia-ul-Haq who declared
that “we will bleed India with a thousand cuts”. The reckoning was
that since Pakistan can never hope to win a war against India, then
India must be hit with terrorism. To this effect, Pakistan first
supported Kashmiri and Sikh separatists, armed them and provided
them safe bases on its territory.
When both these terror campaigns failed, Pakistan created an
alphabet soup of home grown terror groups such as the Jaish-e-Mohammad,
Lashkar-e-Taiba, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Jamaat-ud-Dawa and Harkat-ul-Jihad
al-Islami. These two were complemented by the Haqqani network and
the original Taliban, which has now split into dozens of splinter
groups, some of which are still controlled by the Pakistan military
and its chief intelligence agency, the ISI.
Former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of US, Mike Mullen has
described the Haqqani Network as the “veritable arm of Pakistan's
ISI”. Mullen said the ISI was supporting the Haqqani network, which
attacked the US embassy in Kabul in September 2011 and also the
September 2011 NATO truck bombing which injured 77 coalition
soldiers and killed five Afghan civilians.
In a November 2014 interview to the BBC, the adviser to the
Pakistani Prime Minister on National Security and Foreign Affairs,
Sartaj Aziz said Pakistan should not target militants like the
Afghan Taliban and Haqqani Network, which do not threaten Pakistan's
security.
Indeed, Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world which
believes in good terrorists (who attack the West, India and Israel)
and bad terrorists (who target Pakistan). An example of a ‘good’
terrorist group is the Jamaat-ud-Dawa, which regularly conducts mass
rallies and congregation, advocating jihad in Kashmir. For its
December 2014 rally, Pakistan ran two special trains to carry the
crowd to Lahore. India's foreign ministry termed this as “nothing
short of mainstreaming of terrorism”. The congregation was held near
Pakistan's national monument, the Minar-e-Pakistan, where 4000
policemen provided security.
Lashkar-e-Taiba is the group responsible for the November 2008
Mumbai terror attack, which led to the deaths of 156 innocent
people. On December 3, 2008 Indian officials named Zaki-ur-Rehman
Lakhavi, a top leader of the Lashkar, as one of four possible major
planners behind the attacks. Four days later, Pakistani armed forces
arrested Lakhvi in a raid on a training camp near Muzafarabad in
Pakistani Kashmir.
Destroying evidence
Pakistan doesn’t want to bring terrorists like Lakhavi to justice
because that would expose its sponsorship of terror groups. After
India produced evidence of the Lashkar’s hand in the Mumbai attacks,
Pakistan did the predictable. In order to claim that none of these
guys were technically within Pakistan, the ISI asked the terrorists
involved in the attack to leave the country.
But it turned out to be a big mistake as one of these terrorists was
caught in Saudi Arabia, which presented him on a platter to India.
During his interrogation by Indian investigators, the terrorist
revealed he was one of the key people tasked with training the 10
Mumbai attackers. He said he was in the control room near the
international airport in Karachi from where Lakhavi was directing
the attackers. He also said that after Lakhvi's arrest in December
2008, the Pakistanis destroyed the control room in Karachi.
Pathankot denial
The January 2016 attack on an air force base in Pathankot, India, in
which seven Indian security guards and six terrorists were killed,
will give you an idea of how Pakistan continues to deny links with
terror groups on its own soil.
After the Indians allowed a Pakistani investigation team to visit
the air base, the Pakistanis raised the outrageous claim that the
attack was carried out by India to defame Islamabad. This has a
parallel in 9/11 deniers in Muslim countries where everyone seems to
be convinced that Israel and the US were behind the Twin Tower
attacks.
According to the Indian Express newspaper, the Pakistani
investigators were given a full transcript of the telephonic
conversations between the terrorists and their Pakistani handlers
along with their identity. The Indian side gave the Pakistanis “the
links of Pakistani officials, believed to be ISI personnel, with the
handlers of the terrorists”. They were provided with “electronic and
forensic evidence regarding the slain terrorists’ Pakistani links,
name of the terrorists and several other critical evidence after an
exhaustive probe conducted” by India.
The Pakistani team was given concrete proof that a senior terrorist
leader of the Jaish-e-Mohammed was in constant touch with the
terrorists and giving them necessary instructions during the
three-day carnage.
And yet Pakistan claims it was a stage managed attack by India.
Pakistan’s image
The stark reality is that Pakistan has now become synonymous with
terror. An unfortunate fallout of the country’s long association
with terror is that ordinary Pakistanis worldwide appear tainted. A
broad survey released on June 27, 2012 by the United States-based
Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes says that in a number
countries, including China, as well as several Muslim countries such
as Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan and Lebanon, the majority populations
negatively view Pakistanis.
Pakistan is not only a universally disliked country but the
Pakistanis themselves have learnt nothing from their history,
continuing to support the very actors who are responsible for
Pakistan’s negative image.
It is a measure of Pakistan’s penchant for exporting terrorists,
counterfeit currency and drugs that India has constructed a 1400 km
long steel fence across its border with its wayward western
neighbour. The floodlit fence, which is patrolled 24/7, can be seen
from space as a bright orange line snaking from the coast to
Kashmir.
Iran is also building a 700 km steel and concrete security fence
along its border with Pakistan “to prevent border crossing by
terrorists and drug traffickers”. When complete it will make
Pakistan the most fenced-in country in the world.
In four of the five predominantly Muslim nations covered by the
survey, over half gave Pakistan negative ratings. Jordan (57
percent), Lebanon (56 percent), Tunisia (54 percent) and Egypt (53
percent) had an unfavourable opinion of Pakistan. The only exception
was Turkey, where attitudes were divided (43 percent negative and 37
percent favourable).
In East Asia, 52 percent of Chinese saw Pakistan unfavourably, as
did 59 percent in Japan and 59 percent in India. The Chinese
statistic is not surprising as Pakistan-trained Chinese Uighur
Muslims have launched terror strikes in their remote province in
China. Japan deported around 15,000 Pakistanis after 9/11.
Beaten, corrupt military most loved
Every country has an army but the Pakistan Army has a country. The
Pakistani military is the most corrupt institution in the land, with
a finger in every national pie. Army officers get prime plots of
land post-retirement at a third of the market price. It is certainly
a case of generals fattening at the expense of an increasingly poor
population.
The Pakistani military has lost fours against India. After every
war, Pakistan has lost territory, face and the credibility of its
fighting forces. And yet Pakistanis rate this military very
highly.As many as 77 percent said the military has a good influence
on the country.
The media came next with a 68 percent rating, followed by religious
leaders at 66 percent.
With religious zealots getting a solid two-thirds rating, is it any
surprise that support for using the Pakistani military to fight
extremist groups has declined over the last three years? Opposition
to using the army to fight extremist organisations is especially
high in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (where 54 percent opposed) and
Baluchistan (50 percent).
Biting the hand that feeds
India does not get any aid from the United States and yet among all
21 nations Pew surveyed, Indians seemed most favourably disposed
towards it. Only 12 percent said they had unfavourable opinion of
the United States. On the other hand, 80 percent of Pakistanis had a
negative opinion of America, with 74 percent regarding it as an
enemy country.
American aid efforts were seen in a negative light by Pakistanis
although the country continues to get billions of dollars of US aid.
Around four-in-ten (38 percent) said US economic aid was having a
mostly negative impact on Pakistan, while just 12 percent believed
it was mostly positive. Similarly, 40 percent thought American
military aid was having a mostly negative effect, while only 8
percent said it was largely positive.
This is a snapshot of Pakistan, where the arrow of time is
travelling backwards, taking them into a cycle of medieval madness.
Where the death of a terrorist merely means he will be instantly
replaced by a hundred clones.
About
the author:
Rakesh Krishnan Simha
New Zealand-based journalist and foreign affairs analyst. According
to him, he writes on stuff the media distorts, misses or ignores.
Rakesh started his career in 1995 with New Delhi-based Business
World magazine, and later worked in a string of positions at other
leading media houses such as India Today, Hindustan Times, Business
Standard and the Financial Express, where he was the news editor.
He is the Senior Advisory Board member of one of the fastest growing
Europe’s foreign policy platforms: Modern Diplomacy.
JUNE 01, 2016
MUSEUM 'INVISIBLE' GENERATION
Writes: Dzalila Osmanovic-Muharemagic
Many
still remember a sign at the door of National Museum of Bosnia and
Herzegovina stating „THE MUSEUM IS CLOSED“, which for years only
bothered few of the conscientious. Recently the museum has been
reopened in silence and without much fanfare, as if still someone
wants the public to be unaware of the times when Bosnia was not
prostrated, when it taught the others of tolerance, while its men
and women lived and died for its every corner. Right after the
reopening an unexpected route led me to the Museum, where a
prophetic recollection from my childhood made me realize I belong to
an „invisible“ generation.
Long time ago, at the beginning of high school, some good teacher
considered it would be useful for high school students, the future
intellectuals (today mostly well-educated, unemployed young people
or doing a menial job in a foreign country) to visit the Museum,
that basic cultural institution. It was an interesting fieldtrip,
without too much work, a lot of photos and mingling. Great for us –
the high school rookies!
There we watched some old rocks, beautiful
exponents of folk garments and much more. We watched, yet we saw
nothing... We did not see, since we did not know what there was to
see, since the entire primary school we learned about great
adventures of Marco Polo, Columbus, French Revolution and Hitler.
Read more on the next
page:.........
May 18, 2016
Suicidal Nuclear Gambit on
Caucasus
(Game of Poker at
best, Game of Chess at worst, and neither option should be
celebrated)
By Petra Posega
Nuclear
security is seemingly in the vanguard of global attention, but the
large framework of international provisions is increasingly
perceived as a toothless tiger. In the contemporary age where
asymmetric threats to security are one of the most dangerous ones,
the time is high to mitigate the risk of rouge actors having
potential access to materials, necessary to develop nuclear weapons.
Nowhere is this urgency more pivotal than in already turbulent
areas, such as the South Caucasus. With many turmoil instabilities,
lasting for decades with no completely bulletproof conflict
resolution process installed, adding a threat of nuclear weapons
potential means creating a house of cards that can cause complete
collapse of regional peace and stability. That is precisely why
recently uncovered and reoccurring actions of Armenia towards the
goal of building its own nuclear capacity must be addressed more
seriously. They should also attract bolder response to ensure safety
of the region is sustained.
According to the report by Vienna-based nuclear watch-dog,
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Armenia has established
quite a record of illegal trafficking of nuclear and other
radioactive materials. There have been a couple of serious incidents
spanning from 1999 onward. A large number of reported incidents has
occurred on the country`s border with Georgia, tempting the IAEA to
conclude there is high probability that the so called Armenian route
does in fact exist. There is a further evidence to support this
assertion. There were an unusually high number of Armenians caught
in nuclear trafficking activities. Additionally, some of the
reported incidents that made their way to the official reports
suggested that the main focus of trafficking activities is in fact
smuggling of nuclear material that could be used for nuclear weapons
capabilities. There were also reports suggesting the trafficking of
other radioactive material that could be utilized for alternate
purposes, such as the building of a so called dirty bomb. Since the
stakes with nuclear weaponry are always high to the extreme, the
recognition of this threat must not be underrated and dismissed
easily.
Read more on the next
page:.........
May 18, 2016
I FREE myself from Facebook
By Rattana Lao
BANGKOK – It was sometimes ago that the New Yorker
featured a cartoon that went something like this: “With the
internet, you can be a dog behind a computer and nobody knows.”
That's
my thought on the internet in general and social media in
particular. Behind the masks of perfectly manicured life or perfect
make up, there are multiple truth, reality, flaws and imperfection.
I joined Facebook when I was doing my Masters of Science in
Development Studies at the London School of Economics and Political
Science – far away from my hometown glory of Bangkok, Thailand.
Although I have known about Facebook from my highschool roommate
when it was only accessible for IVY League students, I was not quite
excited about it. I thought to myself “who in their right mind
published their lives to the public?”
During the same time, the One Laptop Per Child policy was popular. I
remember attending several public forums whereby tech savvy
professionals tried to convince low-tech Development experts that
the internet is powerful and through it we can end world poverty.
Something like that.
Being an outgoing and outspoken introvert, if that makes sense, I
signed up for FB with an ambivalent feeling. On the one hand, I
wanted to keep in touch with my friends and family from afar – to
let them know how I was, what I ate, where I travelled to. On the
other hand, I was scared and anxious of the unintended consequences.
Well, given that my BFF called me “the most intense meaning making
machine,” I was not sure I could cope with the outflow of comments
from strangers about my life.
As a writer, I travelled a lot and carried multiple devices:
cellphone, iPads and computers. I have several notebooks in my bag
for different thought and things. I lived in 4 cities in 10 years
for school and work: London, New York, Hong Kong and Bangkok, so FB
was my tool to store my pictures, poems and proses. I posted some on
public, mostly I kept them private. In another word, FB was my
cloud.
Read more on the next
page:.........
May 15, 2016
India’s Education – one view on Optimisation and
Outreach
Dr.Swaleha Sindhi
Introduction
In
the present era of globalization, organizations are expected to work
with a creative rather than a reactive perspective and grow to be
flexible, responsive and capable organizations in order to survive.
In the existing scenario people are exposed to diverse knowledge
through internet, there is much to learn and more to assimilate.
Senge’s (1990) model of the five disciplines of a learning
organization emphasizes on the concept of systems thinking, personal
mastery, mental models, building shared vision and team learning.
This points on continuous learning for individuals and
organizations, with a great stress on the idea of bringing change
with innovation and creativity. If the future organizations are
driven by individual and collaborative learning, it is advisable to
transform schools also into learning organizations, instead of
school education being restricted merely to the process of acquiring
facts and loads of numerical information to reproduce in examination
using rote learning methodologies (current scenario in Indian
schools).
In line with the needs of education system in India, schools should
become more effective learning organizations that ultimately
increase the leadership capacity and support the personal
development of every individual at the institution. In chalking out
the aims of education in India, Kothari commission report (1964-66)
stressed that ‘education has to be used as powerful instrument of
social economic and political change.
Read more on the next
page:.........
May 12, 2016
Hungry of Hungary – One (senti)mental journey
By Julia Suryakusuma
Some
days ago, I achieved historical continuity between Hungary and
Indonesia — well, at least in connection to my father and me.
How so?In the early 1960s, my father was assigned to set up the
Indonesian Embassy in Budapest. Indonesia had already established
diplomatic relations with Hungary in 1955, but did not actually have
a physical embassy.
During my father’s time there as chargé
d’affaires, he met with many high-ranking officials. Among the old
photos from those times, there is one of him shaking hands with
János Kádár, Hungary’s prime minister at the time. Kádár was PM from
1956 to 1988. Thirty-two years, just like Indonesia’s Soeharto.
As dad’s daughter, I was invited to a luncheon at the State Palace
on Feb. 1 — hosted by President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo naturally — in
honor of Victor Orban, the current Hungarian prime minister who was
here for an official visit. I had my photo taken with him.
Cut-to-cut: in 1962 my dad with the then Hungarian PM, in 2016, me
with the current Hungarian PM.
While 54 years have lapsed,
my fond memories of Hungary have not. My father passed away in 2006,
so unfortunately he could not witness the historical continuity his
daughter created, albeit only as a snapshot (pun unintended!).
Read more on the next page:.........
April 26, 2016
450 Years of Jewish Life in Sarajevo
By
Mads Jacobsen
In this week's long
read, Mads Jacobsen explores the Jewish experience in
Bosnia-Herzegovina through the eyes of Sarajevo-born Rabbi Eliezer Papo.
The Ashkenazi Synagogue in Sarajevo (Foto: Mads H. Jacobsen)
“If you imagine Bosnia to be a piece of somun,
that piece of bread you eat during Ramadan, you
cannot say that Jews are the water of that
somun, nor can you say that they are the flour,
but you can certainly say that they are the
black seeds on the top of it. Now, could a somun
survive without it? Yes. Would it still be the
same somun? Certainly not. Jews are currently a
small percentage of the Bosnian population, but
they are an important part of the urban
population, and they have contributed a great
deal to the country. So, could Bosnia do it
without Jews? Yes. Would it still be the same
Bosnia? Certainly not”, explained Rabbi Eliezer
Papo in an interview with the Post-Conflict
Research Center.
This year, the Jewish community in Sarajevo
celebrated its 450th anniversary by hosting an
international conference in the Ashkenazi
Synagogue dedicated to folklore, linguistics,
history and the relationship between the Jewish
community and other communities. Following this
anniversary, Mads Hoeygaard Jacobsen – an intern
at the Post-Conflict Research Center – had the
chance to interview Sarajevo-born Rabbi Eliezer
Papo to talk about the Jewish experience in
Bosnia-Herzegovina during the different epochs
of the country’s history.
These mixed marriages proved important in
Sarajevo during the Bosnian War from 1992 to
1995, since the Jewish community of around 2,000
people8 was the only one equally
related to the three combating groups.
Read more on the next
page:.........
Mads Jacobsen Mads is an intern at PCRC. Mads Jacobsen is from Denmark and is currently
pursuing his Master's degree in 'Development and International Relations' at
Aalborg University...
April 24, 2016
Is Caucasus the next Syria - Don’t forget OSCE
By Aleksandra Krstic
The
recent all-shoot out in Azerbaijan between the ethnic Armenians and
Azerbaijani forces brought yet another round of casualties,
psychological traumas and property destructions. Sudden and severe
as it was, the event sent its shock waves all over Caucasus and well
beyond. Is Caucasus receiving the ‘residual heat’ from the boiling
MENA? Is this a next Syria? Is a grand accommodation pacific
scenario possible? Or will it be more realistic that the South
Caucasus ends up violently torn apart by the grand compensation that
affects all from Afghanistan up to the EU-Turkey deal?
Most observes would fully agree that for such
(frozen) conflicts like this between Azerbaijan and Armenia,
mediation and dialogue across the conflict cycle have no
alternative. Further on, most would agree that the OSCE
(Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) with its Minsk
Group remains both the best suited FORA as well as the only
international body mandated for the resolution of the conflict.
However, one cannot escape the feeling that despite
more than 20 years of negotiations, this conflict remains
unresolved. What is the extent of the OSCE failure to effectively
utilize existing conflict resolution and post-conflict
rehabilitation tools?
The very mandate of the Co-Chairmen of the OSCE Minsk
Group is based on CSCE Budapest Summit document of 1994, which tasks
them to conduct speedy negotiations for the conclusion of a
political agreement on the cessation of the armed conflict, the
implementation of which will eliminate major consequences of the
conflict and permit the convening of the Minsk Conference. In
Budapest, the participating States have reconfirmed their commitment
to the relevant Resolutions of the United Nations Security Council
and underlined that the co-Chairmen should be guided in all their
negotiating efforts by the OSCE principles and agreed mandate, and
should be accountable to its Chairmanship and the Permanent Council
(PC).
Read more on the next
page:.........
Aleksandra Krstic
, studied in
Belgrade (Political Science) and in Moscow (Plekhanov’s IBS).
Currently, a post-doctoral researcher at the Kent University in
Brussels (Intl. Relations). Specialist for the MENA-Balkans frozen
and controlled conflicts.
Contact: alex-alex@gmail.com
April
20, 2016
PRIVACY I(N)T CONTEXT
doc. dr. Jasna Cosabic
The
right to privacy, or the right to respect for private life, as the
European Convention on Human Rights guarantees it, has been affected
by the IT growth era. Privacy has long been protected, but will face
a new dimension of protection for the generations to come. The right
to respect for private life is not an absolute one, and may have a
different feature in different context.
By Niemitz v. Germany judgment (1992) the European Court on Human
Rights ('the ECtHR') included the right to connect with other
individuals into the notion of private life, saying that it would be
too restrictive to limit the notion of an 'inner circle' to personal
life and exclude therefrom entirely the outside world not
encompassed within that circle. The right to communicate was thus
inscerted into the the privacy context.
But the extent of communication and technologies which enable it
signifficantly changed since.
Few decades ago, it mainly consisted of personal communication,
communication by conventional letters and phone communication. At
the time the Convention was adopted in the mid last century, there
was no internet, not even mobile/cell phones, nor personal
computers. The feature of privacy protection was much more simple
then today.
Now, when we approach the rule of IoT (internet of things)
communication, not only do people communicate, but 'things' as well.
The subject of that 'non-human' communication may also be private
data of individuals. At the same time, the individual, human
communication became more simple, available at any time, and
versatile by its means.
Read more on the next
page:.........
doc. dr. Jasna Čošabić professor of IT law and EU law at Banja Luka College, Bosnia and Herzegovina
jasnacosabic@live.com
April 18, 2016
Saudi – Iranian future: 3 games – 3 scenarios
By Manal Saadi
There
is no need to argue on Saudi Arabia and Iran as the two biggest
regional powers in the Gulf, the rising tension between the two
countries who are engaged in proxy wars in Syria, Yemen, Iraq and
somehow Bahrein had installed a climate of Cold War.2.
How did we get there?
Saudi Arabia existed since 1932 as a Sunni country and the
birthplace of Islam. Its history of creation is so unique,
mesmerizing and fascinating. Iran, has a glorious past, with various empires that conquered the
Arab-Islamic world at certain pe-riod of time. While the Shah was in power, Iran’s relations with the Arab Gulf
States were normalized, Iran’s navy used to act as the policeman of
the gulf. The situation has changed when the Iranian Islamic
revolution occurred in 1979, with consequences on both countries and
on their relationships. Iran’s Ayatollah wanted to export their
respective model and undermine Saudi Arabia that Iranian officials
see as corrupt and unworthy due to its relation with the United
States and the West. The Shia country is also supporting Shia
communities in the Gulf which is seen as a direct threat to Saudi
Arabia.
Read more on the next
page:.........
Manal Saadi, of Saudi-Moroccan origins, is a postgraduate
researcher in International Relations and Diplomacy at the
Geneva-based UMEF University. She was attached to the Permanent Mission of Morocco to the UNoG and
other Geneva-based IOs, as well as to the Permanent Mission of the
GCC to the UN in Geneva.
April 4, 2016
Near East and the
Nearer Brussles Euro(h)ope possible ?
Anis H. Bajrektarevic
There
is a claim constantly circulating the EU: ‘multiculturalism is
dead in Europe’. Dead or maybe d(r)ead?... That much comes from
a cluster of European nation-states that love to romanticize – in a
grand metanarrative of dogmatic universalism – their
appearance as of the coherent Union, as if they themselves lived a
long, cordial and credible history of multicul-turalism. Hence, this
claim and its resonating debate is of course false. It is also
cynical because it is purposely deceiving. No wonder, as the
conglomerate of nation-states/EU has silently handed over one of its
most important debates – that of European anti-fascistic identity,
or otherness – to the wing-parties. This was repeatedly followed by
the selective and contra-productive foreign policy actions of the
Union over the last two decades.
Twin Paris shootings and this fresh Brussels horror,
terrible beyond comprehension, will reload and overheat those
debates. However, these debates are ill conceived, resting from the
start on completely wrong and misleading premises. Terrorism,
terror, terrorism!! – But, terror is a tactics, not an ideology.
How can one conduct and win war on tactics? – it is an oxymoron. (In
that case, only to win are larger budgets for the homeland security
apparatus on expenses of our freedoms and liberties, like so many
times before.)
Read more on the next
page:.........
Anis H. Bajrektarevic,
contact:
anis@bajrektarevic.eu
Author is chairperson and professor in
international law and global political studies, Vienna, Austria. He
authored three books: FB – Geopolitics of Technology
(published by the New York’s Addleton
Academic Publishers); Geopolitics –
Europe 100 years later
(DB, Europe), and the just released Geopolitics – Energy – Technology
by the German publisher LAP. No
Asian century is his forthcoming book, scheduled for later this year.
24 MAR 2016
Poles Saving Jews in
Bangkok: History Lesson for Humanity
by Rattana Lao
BANGKOK –
Polish,
Israeli and Thai diplomats, academics and students gathered together
to listen and learn about the courage of Polish people saving the
Jews during the Second World War.
Chulalongkorn
University hosted “The Good Samaritans of Markowa” exhibition to
honor the innocent and brave Polish families in Markowa who risked
their lives saving the Jews from Nazi extermination. The event took
place in Bangkok to celebrate the 40th year of lasting
friendship between Poland and Thailand.
During the course of World War II, more than 50,000 Jews were saved
by Polish people. Each Jewish survivor needed to change their
shelter at least 7 times and required as many as 10 people to be
involved in the process.
Irena Sandler, a Polish nurse, was one of the brave Poles who saved
at least 2,500 children from the Warsaw Ghetto. At the end of the
War, 6,600 Polish people were awarded with the Israeli Righteous
Amongst the Nation. However, not every brave Pole survived
Nazi capture. Approximately, 1,000 to 2,000 Poles were executed as
punishment to save the Jews.
The brutality of War took away more than 6 millions Jewish lives and
has inflicted deep wounds to those who have survived. The Ulma
Family Museum of Poles Saving Jews in World War II in Markowa is one
of the Museums established to offer a place of solace and for those
who are left behind to come to term with this atrocity.
Understanding the complexity of the Holocaust has far reaching
ramification not only to those directly affected, but also to
students and public who live world apart and far removed from it.

Why?
Read more on the next
page:.........
The first step for Thai students is to get the facts right.
Hitler is not a Hero and the Nazi is not a symbol of democracy.
24.03.2016
Bosnia and the first
circle of hell
Gerald Knaus
In the first half of the 1990s, Bosnians found themselves in the
deepest circles of hell, in a world of war, genocide and ethnic cleansing.
Following the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995 Bosnians were able to escape war,
but have since remained trapped in a different European underworld: isolated,
looked down upon, seen as hopeless and treated as such.
In Inferno, the first book of his Divine Comedy, Dante describes his journey
through nine circles of hell. The Bosnian predicament brings to mind the first
circle of Dante's inferno, Limbo, which hosts "virtuous pagans struck with grief
from a lack of God's presence." Pagans had the misfortune to be born at the
wrong time and in the wrong place. They might be good people but, unbaptized,
they could not enter purgatory. Paradise is forever closed, not because of their
deeds, but because of who they are. It is time for Bosnia to be allowed to
escape from Limbo. A new ESI report sets out how:
ESCAPING THE FIRST CIRCLE OF HELL
or
The secret behind Bosnian reforms
One popular idea about Bosnia and Herzegovina among European
observers is that Newton's first law of motion applies to its politics: this law
says that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside
force. For Bosnian politics, that outside force has to be the international
community.
Read more on the next
page:.........
24.03.2016
PUBLICATIONS: 2016
IT
law - a challenge of dispute resolution - doc. dr Jasna Čošabić
Pakistan in the US, the US in
Pakistan: Self-denial is the biggest threat to world peace - By
Rakesh Krishnan SIMHA
MUSEUM 'INVISIBLE' GENERATION - Writes: Dzalila
Osmanovic-Muharemagic
Suicidal Nuclear Gambit on Caucasus - Petra Posega
I
FREE myself from Facebook - By Rattana Lao
India’s Education – one view on Optimisation and Outreach -
Dr.Swaleha Sindhi
Hungry of Hungary – One (senti)mental journey - By Julia
Suryakusuma
450
Years of Jewish Life in Sarajevo - By Mads Jacobsen
PRIVACY I(N)T CONTEXT - doc. dr. Jasna Cosabic
Saudi
– Iranian future: 3 games – 3 scenarios - By Manal Saadi
Near East and the Nearer Brussles Euro(h)ope possible? - Anis H.
Bajrektarevic
Poles
Saving Jews in Bangkok: History Lesson for Humanity - by Rattana
Lao
Bosnia and the first circle of hell - Gerald Knaus
Mongolia and the New Russian Oil Diplomacy - By Samantha
Brletich
Noah, Peter Pan and the Sleeping Beauty (Europe – Identity
Imagined) - Anis H. Bajrektarevic
Key to Stop Refugee Flows: Unique higher education programme for
Conflict zones - Prof. Dr. DJAWED SANGDEL
Quantum Islam: Towards a new worldview - Murray Hunter and Azly
Rahman
Currency dictatorship – the struggle to end it - by Rakesh
Krishan Simha
Creative Economy and the bases of UNCTAD’s Creative Economy
Programme as instrument for growth and development - by
Giuliano_Luongo_200
info@orbus.be
www.orbus.be

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Maasmechelen Village

Maasmechelen Village


Adria


BALKAN AREA


prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic
Editor - Geopolitics, History, International Relations (GHIR) Addleton Academic
Publishers - New YorK
Senior Advisory board member, geopolitics of energy Canadian energy research
institute - ceri, Ottawa/Calgary
Advisory Board Chairman Modern Diplomacy & the md Tomorrow's people platform
originator
Head of mission and department head - strategic studies on Asia
Professor and Chairperson Intl. law & global pol. studies

Critical Similarities and Differences in SS of Asia and Europe - Prof.
Anis H. Bajrektarevic

MENA Saga and Lady Gaga - (Same dilemma from the MENA) - Anis H. Bajrektarevic

![Dr. Nguyen Anh Tuan, Assos. Prof.[1] Nguyen Linh[2]](images/Prof_Dr._Nguyen_Anh_Tuan_140.jpg)
HE ONGOING PUBLIC DEBT CRISIS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: IMPACTS ON AND LESSONS
FOR VIETNAM - Dr. Nguyen Anh Tuan, Assos. Prof.[1] Nguyen Linh[2]


Carla BAUMER
Climate
Change and Re Insurance: The Human Security Issue SC-SEA Prof. Anis
Bajrektarevic & Carla Baumer

Igor Dirgantara
(Researcher and Lecturer at the Faculty of Social and Politics,
University of Jayabaya)


Peny Sotiropoulou
Is
the ‘crisis of secularism’ in Western Europe the result of multiculturalism?


Dr. Emanuel L. Paparella
A Modest “Australian” Proposal to Resolve our Geo-Political Problems
Were the Crusades Justified? A Revisiting - Dr. Emanuel L. Paparella


Alisa
Fazleeva earned an MA in International Relations from the University of East
Anglia in Norwich, United Kingdom in 2013. Her research interests include
foreign policy decision-making, realism and constructivism, and social
psychology and constructivism.


Corinna Metz
is an independent researcher specialized in International Politics and Peace
& Conflict Studies with a regional focus on the Balkans and the Middle East.

Patricia Galves
Derolle
Founder of Internacionalista
Săo Paulo, Brazil
Brazil – New Age


Dimitra Karantzeni
The
political character of Social Media: How do Greek Internet users perceive and
use social networks?


Michael Akerib
Vice-Rector
SWISS UMEF UNIVERSITY


Petra Posega
is a master`s degree student on the University for Criminal justice and Security
in Ljubljana. She obtained her bachelor`s degree in Political Science- Defense
studies.
Contact:
posegap@live.com


Samantha Brletich, George Mason University School of Policy, Government, and
Intl. Relations She focuses on Russia and Central Asia. Ms. Brletich is an
employee of the US Department of Defense.

Interview on HRT-Radio
Prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarević


Dr Filippo ROMEO,


Julia Suryakusuma
is the outspoken Indonesian thinker,
social-cause fighter and trendsetter. She is the author of Julia’s Jihad.
Contact:
jsuryakusuma@gmail.com




Mads Jacobsen
Mads is an intern at PCRC. Mads Jacobsen is from Denmark and is currently
pursuing his Master's degree in 'Development and International Relations' at
Aalborg University...


Dzalila Osmanovic-Muharemagic
University of Bihac, Faculty of Education,
Department of English Language and Literature - undergraduate
University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Philology, Department of English Language
and Literature - graduate study


Rakesh Krishnan Simha
New Zealand-based journalist and foreign affairs analyst. According to him, he
writes on stuff the media distorts, misses or ignores.
Rakesh started his career in 1995 with New Delhi-based Business World magazine,
and later worked in a string of positions at other leading media houses such as
India Today, Hindustan Times, Business Standard and the Financial Express, where
he was the news editor.
He is the Senior Advisory Board member of one of the fastest growing Europe’s
foreign policy platforms: Modern Diplomacy.

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