

Ing. Salih CAVKIC
orbus editor in chief


Murray Hunter
University Malaysia Perlis

Perpetual Self conflict: Self
awareness as a key to our ethical drive, personal mastery, and perception of
entrepreneurial opportunities.
Murray Hunter

The Continuum of Psychotic Organisational Typologies
Murray Hunter

There is no such person as an entrepreneur, just a person who acts
entrepreneurially
Murray Hunter

Groupthink may still be a hazard to your organization - Murray Hunter

Generational Attitudes and Behaviour - Murray Hunter

The environment as a multi-dimensional system: Taking off your rose
coloured glasses
- Murray Hunter

Imagination may be more important than knowledge: The eight types of
imagination we use - Murray Hunter

Do we have a creative intelligence? - Murray Hunter

Not all opportunities are the same: A look at the four types of
entrepreneurial opportunity -
Murray Hunter

The
Evolution of Business Strategy
- Murray Hunter

How
motivation really works - Murray Hunter

Evaluating Entrepreneurial Opportunities: What’s wrong with SWOT? - Murray
Hunter

The five types of thinking we use - Murray Hunter

Where do entrepreneurial opportunities come from? - Murray Hunter

How
we create new ideas - Murray Hunter

How emotions influence, how we see the world? - Murray Hunter

People tend to start businesses for the wrong reasons - Murray Hunter

One Man, Multiple Inventions: The lessons and legacies of Thomas Edison
- Murray Hunte

Does Intrapreneurship exist in Asia?
- Murray Hunter

What’s
with all the hype – a look at aspirational marketing
- Murray Hunter

Integrating the philosophy of Tawhid – an Islamic approach to organization
-
Murray Hunter

Samsara and the Organization - Murray Hunter

Do
Confucian Principled Businesses Exist in Asia? - Murray Hunter

Knowledge,
Understanding and the God Paradigm - Murray Hunter

On Some of the Misconceptions about
Entrepreneurship - Murray Hunter

How feudalism
hinders community transformation and economic evolution: Isn’t equal
opportunity a basic human right? - Murray Hunter

The Dominance of “Western” Management Theories in South-East Asian Business
Schools: The occidental colonization of the mind. - Murray Hunter

|
How feudalism hinders community transformation and economic
evolution: Isn’t equal opportunity a basic human right?
Murray Hunter University Malaysia Perlis
The
Olympic Opening Ceremony last Friday night was a spectacular
extraordinaire under the direction of Danny Boyle of “Slumdog
Millionaire” fame. One of the highlights of the ceremony was a
showcase of British cultural and economic evolution. Conspicuous during
this part of the ceremony was the cast of white, black, Asian and other
ethnic groups performing as a unified whole, showing the good, bad, and
ugly of British history. Britain, one of the bastions of feudalism in
the past has appeared to have come to terms with her infamy, banishing
the disease to the annuls of history.
On a national speaking tour of Malaysia, the renowned Oxford Islamic
scholar Prof Tariq Ramadan visited the town where the author is
domiciled. Prof Ramadan wrote a blog after his trip describing a mosque
built on the shore with some wind and solar power generationi.
He saw the mosque as symbolic of Malaysia’s rejection of US values, and
the maturing of Islamic humanism. I guess perception and meaning is in
the eye of the beholder, or alternatively Tariq Ramadan had visited the
town in some parallel universe. The mosque is located in one of the
poorest states of Malaysia where any public discussion of Islam requires
a licence from the authorities. Given that there is little shortage of
places of worship one could easily think that the funds used to build
the mosque may have better served the cause of Islamic humanism by
assisting in elevating poverty. Grand infrastructure and the grand
projects to build the icons are symbolic not of Islamic humanism, but
rather the gulf between the empowered and powerless in the country.
These two events caused me to reflect on a disease that still festers in
many parts of the world – the curse of feudalism. Feudalism is an
affliction upon humankind, akin to apartheid and slavery. The nature of
feudalism inhibits people, communities, and nations from making the
necessary transformation within economy and society that will ensure
escape from the shackles of poverty, to survival with dignity outside
the envelop of ignorance that prevents emergence into an aspired place
within the world community. What is even more amazing is that authors
like Messrs Beinhocker, Diamond, Friedman, Ohmae, Porter, and Sachs,
have had little, if not anything to say on this matter. Feudalism has
been treated like leprosy; its existence deigned.
Traditionally feudalism referred to the order of society in medieval
Europe between the 9th and 16th centuries.
Feudalism could be described as society governed by those eligible
through birthright, relationships with the favoured and landed gentry.
Feudalism can be seen as a grant of land, the sharing of power and
privilege in return for favour and loyalty, and a structuring of society
with well defined layers where each layer forms a sub-culture with
different sets of values, beliefs, assumptions, and aspirations.
Economic organization will also follow this hierarchical order where
wealth will be concentrated within the upper echelons of society. There
are normally very few vertical movements of people up and down the
hierarchy. The basis of power is through land, capital, military, or
political control, and these arrangements are hereditary and within
selected families from generation to generation.
Through analogy, the concept of feudalism extended to Shogunate Japan,
parts of Africa, the kingdoms of the Middle East, South Asia, Latin
America, South America, and to the “Malay” Archipelago
(Nusantara). Although there was a movement to sponge the term in the
1970s’ii;
unlike the eradication of polio, the causes and symptoms of feudalism
didn’t disappear. Feudalism in various forms still exists in one form or
another, and its best to call a spade, a spade.
The conceptual nature of feudalism can be seen to exist within three
layers.
The first layer consists of the institutions and associated mechanisms
of the “rule of law”. Due to wide variations across the world,
feudalism across this layer is difficult to precisely describe. However
it isn’t so important whether the power base of institutions is based on
divinity, theocracy, royal peerage, military authority, or civilian
rule, some, if not many characteristics are very similar. One of the
most important characteristics is that entry and membership of
institutions is based on some form of privilege. Position, authority,
and promotion usually involve some form of nepotism. Very strong
power-distance relationships help to maintain an unquestioned authority
within these institutions. Dealings with outside parties and
stakeholders are usually undertaken through chosen and selected parties
that are formally or informally linked to the leadership of the
institution. Many of these institutions utilize the dogma they develop
as means that cannot be questioned without some form of fear by the
general population with covert or overt threats of punishment by the
authorities.
Under such a regime the rule of law is used as an instrument of control,
utilized for the interests of the power-elite. Institutions strive for
absolute power over a range of strategic assets important to the economy
of the country, even though the constitution may specify otherwise. This
is achieved through various informal methods such as extra-legal and
extra-judicial action over a long period of time that intimidates the
general populationiii.
The second layer of feudalism is the way people in society are
structured. In many societies this can be very overt where even ‘titled
peerages’ specify class. In one modern developing country government
departments serving the public even have special rooms to serve ‘VVIPs”.
Other signs may be more covert where level of education divides
society into the ‘educated’ that ‘believe they know what’s
best’, and the ‘undereducated’. This divide is the basis of
deep seated political instability in some countries.
What is perhaps most important is that potential opportunities for
people to enrich their lives through entrepreneurial and business
opportunities is severely limited to groups outside the ‘privileged’.
The most lucrative opportunities are the sole prerogative of small
groups under various guises called cronyism or nepotism,
etc. Due to the formal market restrictions by licensing and control over
land many countries appear to be ‘business friendly’ but are
certainly not ‘market friendly’, where large businesses operate
under protection as monopolies or oligopolies. This brings great
inefficiency to the economy in a similar manner the ‘import
replacement tariffs’ of the 1960s in many developing economies at
the time.
As a consequence major businesses in many South East Asian nations are
in the hands of only a few dozen families. Wealth is concentrated and
through their position and developed complacency, these groups tend to
invest in relatively low risk rent seeking investments. Many businesses
are based upon resource monopolies and large tracts of land are stripped
in pursuit of large profits under the thinly veiled name of development.
This is not just restricted to the large firms of the nation. Farmers
with connections to local authorities are able to go into state and
national forests almost unchecked and carve out as much land as they can
for their activities. In such societies resources are stripped for
personal benefit at a cost to the environment. This is an extremely
important factor contributing to global warming that has barely been
mentioned in debate, let alone acted upon. Feudal societies are a major
contributor to global warming.
The third layer of feudalism is the most damaging to society – mindset.
In feudal like societies the elite work with the assumption that ‘we
are the law’ and operate accordingly, festering an ambience of
narcissism through the upper echelons of society. Perceptions, ideas,
and attitudes become fixed where society settles into a complacent
patterning. In contrast, rural population live in an ambience of
hopelessness and resignation of the assumption that ‘this is how life
is’. The only groups that have much freedom of opportunity are the
urban newcomers who are able to find employment or open a
micro-enterprise within the major cities and towns.
Such is the evolved mindset of these types of societies; conservatism,
risk adversity, ego-centrality, self interest, and lack of concern about
the environment become the dominant traits of people and order of
things. This mindset does not discriminate between public and private
sector or rural and urban groups. Society creates a massive defence
mechanism to deny the signs and forces of change, leading to a very
fixed national narrative. This narrative can become so fixed and
ego-centric that relations with neighbouring countries often become
strained with the smallest of issues.
Complacency brings ineptness where institutions slowly decay as
corruption and patrimonialism, the propensity to favour family and
friends, rise. All institutional activities are focused upon the sole
objective to support the existing power elite and protect them from
domestic threats. Motivation is low and service levels in both
government and the private sector is more akin to the old Eastern
European countries under communist rule, rather than the vibrant growth
economies around the world. Corruption becomes embedded within the
culture where even the young and educated see it as the only means to
advance in society, and more alarmingly – not wrongiv.
Society disintegrates into the lowest moral and ethical form not unlike
past societies that kept slaves, where in fact this still exists today
in a contemporary form. Although altruism is often espoused, in reality,
little if any exists within society.
In some cases feudalism became established in societies that easily
accepted authority after colonial masters moved out. The new governments
used feudalism as a means to both control and reap benefits for
themselves. Urbanization and industrialization should normally bring
enough impetuous to eradicate the forms of feudalism that exist within a
nations as the basis of order and organization. Change brings pressure
for transformation. Urban society begins to grow rapidly, triggered by
the much higher wages offered for factory employment than can be
obtained in any agricultural activities. Initially this migration is
selective with the younger educated seeking urban employment but as
demand for workers grows and stories about higher wages filter back to
the rural areas, larger numbers of people migrate to the cities. Urban
populations become consumers and increase demand for all types of food,
accommodation, consumer and durable goods. They also partake in savings
either voluntary or through nationally induced savings schemes developed
by government through an emerging banking system. The education system
is enhanced from basic systems distilling discipline to those that place
more emphasis on critical and creative thinking. Growing urban
development attracts new entrepreneurs whose values shift from
traditional attitudes to those more in line with an urban environment of
a newly developing country (see figure 1.). Those with natural abilities
are quick to emerge and the socio-economic structure of society begins
changing away from its feudal base. They pick up new skills and
competencies from education and employment and learn as they go along in
their new businesses.

Figure 1. The shifting values that urban society brings to a
developing economy.
However as a developing economy experiences rapidly changing
demographics, this may leave a deeply divided agrarian society and newly
educated urban society. This can still be seen today in most South-East
Asian countries which have become part of the source of political
problems in countries like Thailandv.
Developing society has some influence on agrarian society through urban
residents remitting funds back to parents and families in their villages
and returning to build new houses and buy consumer goods. This starts to
break down traditional values and bring envy into village societies.
Although economic growth is destroying traditional culture and values, a
whole range of new opportunities begin to emerge with rural based urban
centres developing. These new towns commercially serve their respective
hinterlands with goods, basic education and health services provided by
government. Newly developed infrastructure, roads, railways,
communications, schools, and health centres help provide the ability of
rural society to transform itself. This brings a whole new range of
opportunities to those that can see the opportunity, have the resources,
networks and skills to develop them. The economy is now developed into
partitioned agricultural, manufacturing and service industries with many
new opportunities continually developing. The processes of rural-urban
migration, population growth in urban centres, and increasing education,
increased consumption and saving. Rising entrepreneurship occurred
through increased opportunities, catalysing increased investment and
rapid economic growth. These phenomena are shown in the schematic in
figure 2.

Figure 2. The path to rapid economic growth in a developing economy.
Rising populations create momentum, which create opportunities and begin
to feed off each other creating a chain in the economy and expand as
other opportunities become exploited. Real estate developments, need
building contractors, which need hardware suppliers, which need hardware
goods manufacturers, who need workers who are paid and spend money on
food, accommodation, and consumer goods. Sales operations are needed to
sell the real estate and credit facilities are needed to enable people
to buy the homes and properties. The development of a textile industry
needs suppliers, tool manufacturers and dye manufacturers, and the
development of the automobile industry needs parts manufacturers, paint
manufacturers, steel suppliers, logistic transport providers, and
automobile dealers. All these interactions creates and environment with
a set of opportunities. This pattern of development, growth, and
creation of opportunities, are in a perpetual motion. The inner city and
suburban areas of cities develop certain socio-economic characteristics
in terms of the sets of needs and wants consumers have leading to its
own set of interrelationships which determines what can happen and what
cannot happen.
There are pressures to adopt new more egalitarian business structures
which sometimes challenge long existing orders. During the
under-developed and early developing phases of economic development in
many countries, businesses have been controlled by families of
government officials and the military protected by restrictive
regulation and practices that allow monopolies and oligopoly
competition. Such situations would be similar to those under the Suharto
regime in Indonesia and the Marcos regime in the Philippines, but also
exists throughout Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. In some of
the old Soviet Block countries, state capitalism was replaced by a small
group of politically supported entrepreneurs in what could be called ‘oligarch
capitalism’. To a lesser in some countries like Malaysia certain
parts of industries are controlled by Government Linked Companies (GLCs)
under another version of state capitalism. The effect of these business
structures is to restrict opportunity and growth to small groups of
people.
One of the weapons the power elite use to prevent the above chain
reaction of events is to delay or fail to build the necessary
infrastructure to support this transformation. However changing
demographics create trends that even the most powerful elite groups
cannot hold back, often bringing great political instability. In these
cases it may take some form of shock event like a political upheaval or
even revolution to change the situation where a more egalitarian
business society is created where more liberal business environments
existvi.
These reforms usually come under pressure by the people who have become
educated, having the confidence to recognize opportunities and had the
opportunity to travel and see other countries where the business
environment is much more open. Once this change in society occurs the
economy can move onto the next stage of becoming a developed economy.
Figure 3. shows the transformation from a feudal to a more egalitarian
business society.

Figure 3. The shift from a feudal to an egalitarian business society.
So what are the consequences of feudalism? First of all feudalism
creates rigidity based on hierarchy, power distance, custom, culture,
and social expectations. This embeds static practices within a society
that leads to higher transaction costs and thus inefficiencyvii.
Any comparative advantage a nation may have can be very quickly lost
through this rigidity. These embedded informal rules, status rights,
norms, and beliefs impede change, which is needed in an economy that is
undergoing structural change and growth. This prevents a factor based
economy moving onto becoming and innovation based economy. Patrimonial
practices slowly lead to economic decline, at least relative to other
nations which may lead to political instability and challenge of the
status quo. This economic decay is in contrast to other countries
that are trying to strengthen the rule of law and transparency.
Many third world governments venturing into state owned enterprises to
assist in economic development are only transferring the ‘old values
and practices’ into these new organizations which are doomed to
inefficiency from the start. State owned enterprises instead of opening
up and developing the economy further take away entrepreneurial
opportunities from private citizens and thus instead of enhancing
growth, just redistribute existing wealth to privileged groupsviii.
Business in the hands of such a few within the ‘privileged class’
leads to other afflictions like groupthink that lead to consideration of
few alternatives and poor decision makingix.
Other practices like closed tenders just enhance un- competitiveness and
raise transaction costs.
Today’s international markets require innovation, particularly in
developing supply and value chains. Rigid management and rent seeking
industry structures based on a static outlook of society, particularly
where government policy has supported this status quo greatly
hinders the ability to be creative and compete internationally. In the
world today there are many resource rich countries that survive on
resource based exports which is hiding the underlying long term problems
of the country’s lack of comparative advantage. This prevents
transformation, prevents the creation of comparative advantage in
anything, except for resource based monopolies and rent seeking
activities. Even if drastic political change occurs, the accumulated
wealth, networks, and capital, along with the inefficient institutions
left behind maintain a form of neo-feudalism that cannot be
easily broken up. The inertia and vested interests of what has gone on
for many years prevents dynamic change. As a consequence much of a
country’s population is deprived of the right to pursue basic
opportunities where they are limited to a micro and SME nature.
Richard Florida postulates that technology, tolerance, and talent are
prerequisites to creativity and innovation, the basis that enables the
transformation of an economyx.
Feudalistic societies tend to be poorly endowed with technology and more
importantly are unable to learn to be innovative from the infusion of
new technologies. New technologies are most often applied blindly
without adaptation to specific conditions within the receiving country.
As many feudal societies are based on some form of dogma, tolerance for
alternative views is not usually acceptable and thus original thinking
and creativity is greatly hindered. To this we must add market openness
to enable the other factors to flourish. Otherwise an exodus of talent
from the country or ‘brain-drain’ may occur when there are any
missing elements described above.
Any country that seeks to find its place of prosperous contentment
within the world must transform from a feudalscape to an
innoscape. The capital accumulation cycle must be made to work in a
way that creates real value. This economic model must comprise of
equitable market regulation, strong corporate governance, sound
philosophies of risk allocation, undertake banking reform, enable fair,
equitable, and responsible market regulation, create prudent fiscal and
monetary policy, and most importantly of all eliminate the ability of
the people to use speculation as a source of wealth.
As a final point in this discussion, the equality of opportunity is a
basic human right. People may not be poor because they have been left
behind the rest of the world, as the Sachs hypothesis would make us
believexi.
They may be poor because of the social and economic structures they live
within. Feudalism is like a fence that keeps people away from the lush
pastures of opportunity. Therefore it is disappointing that the
Millennium Development Goals did not more explicitly target feudalism as
a cause and preserver of poverty and devise specific strategies to
eradicate it. Many meetings on development around the world have
repeatedly echoed this to little availxii.
The risk is that the elements of feudalism that exist around the world
will be largely ignored as they are too politically difficult to tackle.
The Millennium Development Goals may just tackle the symptoms rather
than the actual structural causes of poverty.
Notes and References
i
http://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2012/07/25/3553156.htm
ii
Brown, E., A., R., (1974), The Tyranny of a construct: Feudalism and
Historians of Medieval Europe, American Historical Review, Vol.
79, No. 4., pp. 1063-1068.
iii
According to Francis Fukuyama’s hypothesis, lack of the rule of law and
accountability allows a government to become easily despotic. Fukuyama,
F., (2012), The Origins of Political order: From Prehuman Times to
the French Revolution, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
iv
See: Unknown, Corruption survey revealing, The Star
Online, Tuesday 3rd
July 2012, http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/7/3/focus/11592606&sec=focus
v
See: Profile: Thailand’s reds and yellows, BBC News, 20th April 2010,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8004306.stm, accessed 20th
April, 2010).
vi
However even in some cases this does not change even after a revolution,
i.e.,
the fall of the Soviet Union just replaced state
capitalism with ‘oligarch capitalism’, the peoples revolution against
Marcos did not dispose of ‘crony capitalism’, and the revolutions in
Latin America during the 1960s and 1970s did not change the situation
much. Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia are still in the balance.
vii
Williamson, O., E., (1999), The Mechanisms of Governance, New
York & Oxford, Oxford University Press.
viii
See the current debate on this issue in Malaysia at
http://malaysia-today.net/mtcolumns/newscommentaries/50917-pkr-wants-rci-on-george-kent-saga
ix
Hunter, M., (2012), Opportunity, Strategy, & Entrepreneurship: A
Meta-theory, Vol. 1, New York, Nova Scientific Publishers, pp.
305-308.
x
Florida, R. (2012), The Rise of the Creative Class – Revisited: 10th
Anniversary Edition – revised and Expanded, New
York, Basic Books.
xi
Sachs, J., (2005), The End of Poverty: How we can make it happen in
our lifetime, London, Penguin.
xii
Misra, M, (2011), The Threatened Millennium Development Goals in India,
Peace & Conflict Monitor, 3rd
march,
http://www.monitor.upeace.org/archive.cfm?id_article=781, Islam, A.
(2004), Health-Related Millennium Development Goals: Policy Challenges
for Pakistan, Journal of Pakistan Medical Association,
http://www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=379, Abro,
H., (2011), Eliminating feudalism for an equitable socio-economic
development, Business and Financial Review, 11th
January, http://jang.com.pk/thenews/jan2011-weekly/busrev-10-01-2011/p7.htm
20.08.2012
World Security Network reporting from London in
the United Kingdom, August 10, 2012
Dear Cavkic Salih,
 |
WSN President,
Dr. Hubertus Hoffmann, (center): “Let me take this opportunity to
thank the people of London and the United Kingdom on behalf of so many
visitors for their unique hospitality during the London Olympics.” |
After a cold start the 2012 London Olympics erupted into moments of joy and
heaven on the Thames river.
Let me take this opportunity to thank the people of London and
the United Kingdom on behalf of so many visitors for their unique hospitality.
My favourite winners of the hospitality awards London 2012 are:
1. The 70,000 volunteers working all day as tour guides for the 2 million
visitors to the Olympic park, and yet more in the rest of London. Always
super-friendly and helpful- they all deserve a gold medal for hospitality.
2. Nothing dangerous happened - thanks to thousands of policemen, soldiers and
agents - a silver medal for security.
3. The opening ceremony directed by Danny Boyle, with HM the Queen parachuting
into the stadium (or was it a soldier dressed like the Queen ...?) accompanied
by the suave OO7 (Daniel Craig) in her helicopter. Mr Bean (Rowan Atkinson)
playing the keyboard in the London Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Sir
Simon Rattle. Eccentric in an endearingly British way - at least bronze.
And so many medals for Team GB – their best haul in 100 years -
super-impressive.
But do not forget that if you add up all the medals from individual countries,
the European Union is by far the most successful participant with over 70 gold
medals, more than China or the United States, and still more to come over the
last few days.
Dr. Hubertus Hoffmann
President and Founder
World Security Network Foundation
PUBLICATIONS:
The Dominance of “Western” Management Theories in South-East Asian Business
Schools: The occidental colonization of the mind. - Murray Hunter
How feudalism
hinders community transformation and economic evolution: Isn’t equal opportunity
a basic human right? - Murray Hunter
On Some of the Misconceptions about Entrepreneurship - Murray Hunter
Knowledge, Understanding and the God Paradigm - Murray Hunter
Do Confucian Principled Businesses Exist in Asia? - Murray Hunter
Samsara and the
Organization - Murray Hunter
Integrating the philosophy of Tawhid – an Islamic approach to organization. -
Murray Hunter
What’s
with all the hype – a look at aspirational marketing - Murray Hunter
Does Intrapreneurship exist in Asia? - Murray Hunter
One Man, Multiple Inventions: The lessons and legacies of Thomas Edison -
Murray Hunter
People tend to start businesses for the wrong reasons - Murray Hunter
How
emotions influence, how we see the world? - Murray Hunter
How we create new ideas - Murray Hunter
Where do entrepreneurial opportunities come from? - Murray Hunter
The
five types of thinking we use - Murray Hunter
Evaluating Entrepreneurial Opportunities: What’s wrong with SWOT? - Murray
Hunter
How
motivation really works - Murray Hunter
The
Evolution of Business Strategy - Murray Hunter
Not all opportunities are the same: A look at the four types of
entrepreneurial opportunity -
Murray Hunter
Do we have a creative intelligence? - Murray Hunter
Imagination may be more important than knowledge: The eight types of imagination
we use - Murray Hunter
The environment as a multi-dimensional system:
Taking off your rose coloured
glasses
- Murray Hunter
Generational Attitudes and Behaviour -
Murray Hunter
Groupthink may still be a hazard to your organization - Murray Hunter
Perpetual Self conflict: Self awareness as a key to our ethical drive, personal mastery, and perception of
entrepreneurial opportunities - Murray Hunter
The Continuum of Psychotic Organisational Typologies - Murray Hunter
There is no such person as an entrepreneur, just a person who acts
entrepreneurially - Murray Hunter
Go Home, Occupy Movement!!-(The McFB– Was Ist Das?) - prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic
Diplomatie préventive - Aucun siècle Asiatique sans l’institution pan-Asiatique - prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic
Democide Mass-Murder
and the New World Order - Paul Adams













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prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

Go Home, Occupy Movement!!
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prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

Diplomatie préventive - Aucun sičcle Asiatique sans l’institution pan-Asiatique
- prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic\/span|

ADDENDUM – GREEN/POLICY PAPER: TOWARDS THE CREATION OF THE OSCE TASK FORCE ON (THE FUTURE OF) HUMAN CAPITAL
prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

Gunboat Diplomacy in the South China Sea – Chinese
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Anis H. Bajrektarevic

Geopolitics of Quantum Buddhism: Our Pre-Hydrocarbon Tao Future
prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

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