

Ing. Salih CAVKIC
orbus editor in chief


Murray Hunter
University Malaysia Perlis

Perpetual Self conflict: Self
awareness as a key to our ethical drive, personal mastery, and perception of
entrepreneurial opportunities.
Murray Hunter

The Continuum of Psychotic Organisational Typologies
Murray Hunter

There is no such person as an entrepreneur, just a person who acts
entrepreneurially
Murray Hunter

Groupthink may still be a hazard to your organization - Murray Hunter

Generational Attitudes and Behaviour -
Murray Hunter

The environment as a multi-dimensional system: Taking off your rose
coloured glasses
- Murray Hunter

Imagination may be more important than knowledge: The eight types of
imagination we use - Murray Hunter

Do we have a creative intelligence? - Murray Hunter

Not all opportunities are the same: A look at the four types of
entrepreneurial opportunity -
Murray Hunter

The
Evolution of Business Strategy
- Murray Hunter

How
motivation really works - Murray Hunter

Evaluating Entrepreneurial Opportunities: What’s wrong with SWOT? - Murray
Hunter

The five types of thinking we use - Murray Hunter

Where do entrepreneurial opportunities come from? - Murray Hunter

How we create new ideas - Murray Hunter

How emotions influence, how we see the world? - Murray Hunter

People tend to start businesses for the wrong reasons - Murray Hunter

One Man, Multiple Inventions: The lessons and legacies of Thomas Edison
- Murray Hunte

What’s with all the hype – a look at aspirational marketing - Murray
Hunter

Does Intrapreneurship exist in Asia?
- Murray Hunter

What’s
with all the hype – a look at aspirational marketing
- Murray Hunter

Integrating the philosophy of Tawhid – an Islamic approach to organization
-
Murray Hunter

Samsara and the Organization - Murray Hunter

|
Generational Attitudes and Behaviour
Murray Hunter
University Malaysia Perlis
It
can be clearly seen that generational attitudes have influence upon thinking and
behavior. A generation can be considered a segment of the population who have
shared experiences and have a sense of history that influences their thinking
and behavior today. In Western countries like the United States and Canada in
North America, most countries in Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand can
be considered to have three distinct generations that influence society today,
the baby boomers, generation X and generation Y. The baby boomer generation came
in a mass population bubble after World War Two until around 1964. Generation X
are the children of the baby boomers born between 1965 and 1979. Generation Y
are the children of generation X couples and include those born between 1980 and
1999.
The baby boomer generation were the children of parents of the silent
generation. Fathers of the baby boomers were generally too young to have served
in World War II and both parents would have gone through the great depression.
This would have had a profound effect upon the values baby boomers were brought
up upon. Their parents would have had a grave, conventional, conservative,
fatalistic outlook on life and were also perhaps confused morally, indifferent,
unadventurous and disappointed with what life had brought them.
The baby boomer generation was extremely large because of the relative political
stability after the Second World War. They were much more optimistic than their
parents due to the economic boom from post war reconstruction and the following
years of steady industrial development. Baby boomers tended to reject the
traditional values of their parents, religion and became much more
individualistic and liberal.
Baby boomers idealistically looked for social change. They experimented with
different ideas, lifestyles, sexual freedoms, ways of thinking, as the hippy
movement exhibited during the late 60’s. Baby boomers were free spirited, open,
tried to be fair and took up social causes. This was the time when the civil
rights, anti-war and women’s movement emerged and politics became a mass event
where two clearly defined sides (liberal and conservative) developed. The heroes
to many at the time would have been John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and
Malcolm X, etc.
Baby boomers were witnesses to rapid development of technology and came to
appreciate and accept it. They saw the space race, the arms race, the invention
of the transistor, television, the green revolution in agriculture, and great
improvements in medicine, i.e., the first heart transplant. Baby boomers
probably got the idea that mankind could control and harness nature during this
time. They became the healthiest generation so far and life expectancies
increased dramatically.
Baby boomers in their mature working years accepted the system, not only
becoming part of it, but being the ones responsible for building it to what it
is today. The 70’s and 80’s were the time of rapid corporate growth where the
baby boomers were workaholics. They competed with their peers and became a
relatively financially well off group. They respected success and achievement as
an important institutional foundation. Having the latest gadgets (color TV,
Mobile phone, luxury car, etc) became the baby boomer status symbols defining
class to some extent.
When baby boomers got to the top of the corporate and political ladders, their
conservatism came out. The words ‘politically correct’ became a euphemism
for taboo subjects, Gordon Gekko’s cry of ‘greed is good’[1]
reflected a desire of many and much of the western world adopted the
philosophies of ‘Reaganomics’ and ‘Thatcherism’[2].
Subconsciously the baby boomers hoped for immortality, which could be seen in
what was built during the baby boomer era was something meant to last as a
legacy. Baby boomers believed what worked yesterday will still work tomorrow and
try to deny the transition of time and change. This is reflected in some baby
boomers still eager to maintain the helms of the empires and institutions they
helped to build and their failure to provide for retirement provisions and death[3]
[4].
Generation X is a dramatically smaller population group than the preceding baby
boomer generation. Generation X grew up during the final years of the Vietnam
War, Watergate, and through the Reagan and Bush Senior era in the United States.
They also witnessed the end of the Cold War, the expansion of globalism, the
introduction of the early home computers, radical changes to the media industry
and the early days of MTV. Generation X grew up with continual change and
continual introduction of new technologies. As a consequence, Generation X is
accustomed to a changing environment.
Generation X is generally better educated than their parents. They became adults
during the late 1980’s and have been described as pragmatic, perceptive, savvy
but amoral, and more focused on money than on art[5].
They believe in sex before marriage but not the free sex that was practiced
during the baby boom era, probably because of the event of HIV/AIDS. Generation
X is also known as the divorce generation. Couples tend to break up rather than
stick out and work through relationship problems like previous generations.
There is not the same social stigma about divorce and it has become the easiest
option. Generation X as a group has tended to respect their parents less than
previous generations[6].
Generation X’ers generally earn less than their fathers, but the combined
incomes of couples, where the female has her own career, is more than the family
incomes of the baby boomer generation. Generation X is also generally hocked in
debt through heavy credit card utilization and paying off mortgages and student
loans. Generation X has had to struggle financially harder than their parents
due to a number of economic downturns over the last two decades. Although some
became millionaires, there are many that have had to struggle to make ends meet
in this generation.
Generation X is now beginning to turn 40 and starting to replace the baby
boomers as they retire from corporate life. Generation X tends to work in highly
skilled and specialized jobs, like working in a ‘collegial’ manner and
like to be valued for their talents. They are attached more to their profession
than the company. They also accept changing technologies and new ways of doing
things much more readily than the baby boomers. Generation X sees
entrepreneurship as a viable and challenging career option.
As parents, Generation X has looked after their children well and struggled to
give them all they want. Although they have many things in common with their
children, the excitement of new technologies and multitasking, etc, the children
of Generation X have generally seen things very differently than their parents.
Generation Y is another large populous group like the baby boomer generation.
They have grown up with computers, multi-channel satellite and cable TV, mobile
phones, instant messaging and other high-tech gadgets like iPods, etc. They have
been the most cared for generation in history, and even though news is
accessible in an instant exposing the problems of the world, they are most
sheltered and protected[7]
. Generation Y, also known as the Millennial Generation has been shaped
by the events and trends of the late 1990’s and Millennium decade, where 9/11,
the Gulf War, Afghanistan, global warming, the dot.com boom and bust have
had profound effects on their sense of morality and civic natures. The advent of
the internet, mobile phones, instant communications and social networking sites
have connected this generation to their peers around the clock, where this
generation is truly socially orientated.
The Millennial personality according to Strauss and Howe is based on a
rejection of the perceived laxness of their parents during the 60’s and 70’s and
their exposure to globalization, multiracial and multi-ethnic diversity. Their
traits therefore contrast with their parents[8].
They ignore tradition and religion, where they were bored going to church and
didn’t see the point of it. Generation Y have become agnostic, secular,
unengaged, or picked up their own mix of beliefs as they have gone along. They
have a religious apathy as they have been taught to be materialist[9].
Generation Y is idealistic, reactive, and adaptive, even though they are
perceived by those outside their generation as problematic and irresponsible.
The majority are not interested or even apathetic towards politics and
politicians[10].
However paradoxically young people were at the front of the rebellion in Burma
during 2007, the 2009-10 Iranian election protests and the overthrowing of the
Mubarak regime in Egypt in February 2011. Friends and relationships are very
important to them. Personal networks form part of their own support system and
are also the source of entertainment and news, which filters the way the deal
with the world. Many generation Y’ers have both a real and virtual world, with
the average person spending around 5 hours a week playing on-line games and the
heavy players spending 5 to 6 hours per night playing[11].
Generation Y has become over-reliant on their parents, often returning to live
with them after graduation in their adult life. Although this is seen as an easy
way out to life by some, their attachment to their parents may have more to do
with genuine family orientation[12]
. This has probably come about as a reaction to the divorce culture of the
previous generation, where Generation Y appears to be strongly attached to their
mothers[13].
Generation Y appears to be a self confident generation. Based on influence from
their workaholic parents, Generation Yers believe they must build strong resumes
and become skilled to get on in life[14].
They believe that success comes through hard work and this external drive is
what motivates them, rather than inner ambitions[15].
They are not like the previous generations where college was a place of
enlightenment. Although they enjoy school and university they don’t forget the
reason why they are there is to get good grades. Generation Y has a ‘work
hard, play hard’ outlook to life[16].
Although Generation Y tends to be externally motivated, they are still very
calculative and rationalistic about long range plans, thinking carefully about
finance, the value of certain degrees and potential salaries, etc[17].
However with this powerful external motivation and lifestyle, many young people
are coming down with anxiety and stress[18].
Generation Y have a sense of entitlement, feeling the workplace should be built
around them[19]
and have a high expectation of their employers. They tend to question and what
to know why things are done the way they are. They seek responsibility and
flexible deadlines have a desire to be praised by their employers. They seek
praise almost instantly in a similar manner to receiving rewards in video games
that they play during leisure
[20].They seek a
fun workplace with meaning attached to the work they do and approach their tasks
in a participative manner[21].
Balance in work and leisure is important to them.
Generation Y is generally good at multitasking and have entrepreneurial
initiative. They generally want to make a difference and feel strong about
social responsibility. However, although most like to follow rules, increasing
competitiveness is increasing and for some, cheating in exams is seen as a way
to get ahead[22].
Cutting and pasting any information from any source to do an assignment is
something they do without thinking of where the information comes from and
issues of copyright[23].
They are used to getting immediate answers to any question through the internet[24].
Recent economic conditions have made things very difficult for this generation
where many are facing difficulties in getting work after graduating. Youth
unemployment is very high and causing social unrest as youths face many
hardships[25] .
This generation is less likely to be able to afford buying a home than the ones
before them.
Generation Yers have high expectations of themselves, constantly trying to solve
their own problems and take the challenges that come their way. They can work
quickly but need definite objectives to motivate[26].
Traditional motivational measures such as promotions and bonuses don’t excite
them much[27]. Due
to their upbringing, generation Y is adaptable to change and value mentoring and
training[28].
Generation Y has an entrepreneurial spirit, tremendous energy that can give them
an advantage, but they are still naïve about the business world[29].
However they are prepared to go into business and fail if necessary and move
forward after that. They prefer to start with partners as they know the value of
collaboration and co-operative learning[30].
However entrepreneurship tends to be a means to an end rather than an end in
itself unlike previous generations.
Generation Y has many implications for the market environments now in the
present and in the future as more join the workforce and collective income
dramatically increases in the next few years. Millennials expect a greater range
and variety of things whether it is in the classroom or workplace[31].
They expect a continual flow of new and exciting products entering the
marketplace. This generation is more cautious about new products than any
generation before it. Although they are loyal to brands, they expect brands to
earn their loyalty. It is estimated that 50% of 18-24 year olds have personal
debts totally more than $14,000 in Australia[32].
Conventional marketing campaigns are felt to be intrusive and Millenials prefer
to get their information from their peers with recommendations from ‘thought
leaders’ and follow ‘urban trend setters’. Traditional TV, radio and
leaflet advertising is not effective with Generation Y. Thus marketing campaigns
must put propositions directly to consumers through the means that they use to
communicate, i.e., internet, You Tube, Facebook, blogs, etc. Products
must reach across to individual personalities and reflect the way they see
themselves. Methods like underground marketing that utilize direct
approaches through the consumers own world are more effective. Underground
marketing uses multi-media approaches with viral advertising (often through
social media) to create a sense of shared meaning and experience through
participative activities with target consumers[33]
. The product offered although mass produced can be highly differentiated
bringing a sense of uniqueness to the consumer who will identify with his or her
‘one off’ product. Such an example would be the Toyota Scion which is
marketed separately from other Toyota cars and can be highly differenced through
selecting from a wide range of accessories available at the retail outlet[34].
Other examples of successful products or services that have utilized
underground marketing strategies include Harley-Davidson, Red Bull Energy
Drink and the US Army recruitment computer game.
Table 1. Some comparisons between the generations.
|
Baby Boomers |
Generation X |
Generation Y |
Time Period |
1946-1964 |
1965-1978 |
1979-1999 |
Events |
Their parents experiences during the depression and WWII, the Korean and
Vietnam wars, Television, Nuclear era, Space race, Cold war, Civil
rights, Rock and roll, JFK, RFK and Martin Luther King assassinated. |
Watergate, US hostages in Iran, Computers, Reagan era, HIV/AIDS, the
women’s movement, the environmental movement and the end of the Cold
war. |
9/11, The Gulf war, Dot.Com boom and bust, internet, mobile phones and
SMS and social networking. |
Attitudes and values |
A general optimism and satisfaction, feeling of social responsibility,
work, health and wellbeing, personal growth, personal gratification. |
Work is a challenge. Work is a contract and obligation, self reliance,
life/work balance, pragmatism, fun. |
Work is a means to an end, optimism, social responsibility, ambition,
morality, integrity, ethics, self confidence, sociability. |
Communication Technologies |
Newspapers, written correspondence, post, time delays between
communications, broadcast news, TV, radio, etc. |
Printed media, TV, radio, telephone, computer, telex, fax, multimedia
and internet. |
Broadcasting, cable and satellite TV, email, SMS, chat and other real
time internet based teleconferencing. |
Motivations |
Money, promotion, public recognition, peer recognition and desire to be
in control. |
Time off, meeting one’s own goals, recognition from boss, skills
training, mentoring and work/leisure balance. |
Time off, skills training, meeting own goals, mentoring, work and play
intermixed and being valued. |
Working style |
Workaholics, working efficiently according to the ways they know how to
work, Work for causes and personal fulfillment, consensual and
collegial, team players, like meetings, good at forming relationships
and reluctant to go against peers. |
Self reliant, want structure and direction, skeptical of authority,
equality within the workplace, don’t respect authority, very direct in
speech, strongly independent, cynical and want proof of concept.
|
Like short time spans, multitasking goal orientated, entrepreneurial,
consensus and participative and collective action, like to be
challenged, thrive on change, in constant electronic communication and
always want feedback. |
Problem solving |
What has worked in the past can be replicated on the current problem and
will work in the future. |
Develop a list of potential scenario/solutions and then discuss each
option. |
Brainstorming, web search, peer discussion. |
Concerns |
Stability and retirement |
Work and leisure/family balances, whether they are appreciated. |
The problem of the day, career. |
Not all countries followed the same evolutionary generational path described
above. Different histories, events and outlooks affected different countries in
various ways. China went through turmoil and upheaval during the 1940’s and 50’s
with the civil war between the KMT and the communists, the Japanese invasion,
world war II and the eventual formation of the Peoples Republic of China in
1949. Even after 1949 there was poverty all over the country as it had to
rebuild after all the turmoil. The time 1950 to 1970 was the period of the lost
generation, first participating in the great leap forward and then the
Cultural Revolution. This left a generation relatively uneducated and
indoctrinated with the socialist way of life. It was not until prosperity came
to China after its opening up to World trade in the 1970s that the coastal and
city areas started to develop and prosper.
Children born between the years of 1970-90 are known as the lifestyle
generation in China[35].
They are a product of the ‘one-child’ policy and number between 230-260
million. Parents tended to spoil, pamper and spend the majority of their incomes
on their children’s education and material wellbeing. They have become to be
known as the little ‘emperors’ and ‘empresses’ in the family[36].
These children became differentiated and individualist as opposed to the
traditional and socialist orientation of their parents. There is a noticeable
generation gap between this generation and those before them. They are
optimistic but tend to be amoral due to the absence of religion in China for
many years. The lifestyle generation is intensely urban yuppyish. They
are fashion conscious but with less brand loyalty and more individuality,
wanting to be noticed. They are ostentatious consumers and entrepreneurial. Due
to the imbalance between males and females in the males favor, females are very
selective of their future husbands. In terms of management, they are creative,
want to be heard and look towards quick promotions, whilst lacking team spirit[37].
With succeeding generations in Japan, traditional values are being replaced with
modern Japanese values, which have a number of similarities with western values.
Japanese today are much more leisure orientated than the past generation. They
look more for quality of life and are larger consumers than the past generation.
They follow fads and fashions and seek outside leisure amusement with computer
games, etc. They seek instant gratification and are much more individualistic
than the last generation that valued collectivity, conformity and loyalty.
However, young Japanese don’t have the same job security as their predecessors
and have different views on loyalty and trust.
In India the boomer generation came after independence and became suspicious of
traditional Indian institutions and government. Both Generation X and Y in India
see economic growth and more prosperity as an opportunity to advance and
consequently work hard to find their place within it. The rest of Asia is
developing at different rates, the post war generation generally had to
struggle. As this development generation saw independence from colonial
rule and became more economically comfortable they gave birth to children who
are more exposed to modern technology and global influences. The young
generations of Asia now have many resemblances to Generation Y of the west.
Notes and References
[1] Gordon
Gekko was the arch villain or anti-hero of the film Wall Street in 1990 played
by Michael Douglas. He would raid company stocks, take them over and break them
up for quick profits without regard for the workers of the companies involved.
[2] One can remember
the Reagan-Thatcher era during the 1980s. Reagan’s election promise was for
lower taxes and smaller government, i.e., reduce govt. spending reduce taxes,
reduce govt. influence over the economy and the use of monetary policy to
control inflation. Thatcherism can be explained as the above with conservative
values. These policies were emulated in New Zealand through ‘Rogernomics’ and in
Australia through ‘economic rationalism’.
[3] One of the
reasons many companies collapsed in the 2009 economic downturn was the shortfall
in retirement funds. One of the major responsibilities of the baby boomer
children is to provide for their parents old age.
[4] This can also be
seen from the view that baby boomers believe that there is no one to take their
place and younger people are not visionary, competent, committed or as well
trained as they are. From the Generation X point of view, the boomers are
sitting too long at the top of the organization and ignoring new blood and
views. (See Kunreuther 2003).
[5] Strauss, W. and
Howe, N. (1992). Generations: The history of America’s future 1584 to 2069,
New York, Harper-Perennial, P. 365.
[6] Asthana, A. and
Thorpe V. (2005). Whatever happened to the original Generation X?, The
Observer,
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/uk-news/story/0.69031/396618,00.html,
(accessed 16th December 2009).
[7] Strauss, W. and
Howe, N. (1992). “Generations”, P. 119.
[8] Strauss, W. and
Howe, N. (2000). Millennials rising: The next great generation, New York,
Vintage Books.
[9] Mason, M,
Singleton, A. & Webber, R. (2008). The Spirit Generation of Y: Young People’s
Spirituality in a Changing Australia, Mulgrave, Victoria, John Garrett
Publishing.
[10] Bates, M., &
Papadopoulos, V. (2008). MyGeneration Electioneering, Sydney, Special
Broadcasting Service, (Documentary).
[11] Lahiff, S., &
Hamilton, B. (2008). MyGeneration Age of Avatars, Sydney, Special
Broadcasting Service, (Documentary).
[12] Noveck, J.
and Tompson, T. (2007). Poll: Family ties to youth happiness, http//www.Boston.com/news/education/k_12/articles/2007/08/20/pdl_family_ties_key_to_youth_happiness/,
(accessed 16th December 2009).
[13] Strauss, W.
and Howe, N. (2000). :Millennials rising”, pp. 185-186
[14] Noveck, J.
and Tompson, T. (2007). Poll: Family ties to youth happiness, http//www.Boston.com/news/education/k_12/articles/2007/08/20/pdl_family_ties_key_to_youth_happiness/,
(accessed 16th December 2009).
[15] Strauss, W.
and Howe, N. (2000). :Millennials rising”, P. 184
[16] Clydesdale,
T., (2007). The first year out: Understanding American teens after high
school, Chicago, Il., The University of Chicago Press, P. 3..
[17] Strauss, W.
and Howe, N. (2000). :Millennials rising”, pp. 182-183
[18] Kadison, R.
D. and DiGeronimo, T. F. (2004). College of the overwhelmed: The campus mental
health crisis and what to do about it, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, Robbins, A.
(2006). The overachievers: The secret lives of driven kids, New York, Hyperion,
Twenge, J. M. (2006). Generation me: Why today’s young Americans are more
confident, assertive, entitled _ and more miserable than ever before, New York,
Free Press.
[19] Alsop, R.
(2008). The trophy kids grew up: How the millennial generation is shaking up the
workplace, New York, Jossey-Bass.
[20] Johnson, S.
(2005). Everything bad is good for you: How today’s popular culture is actually
making us smarter, New York, Riverhead Books.
[21] Some
companies hire groups of friends to keep social networks together (see Tohmatsu
2006). Wilson and Gerber (2008) found that students performed better when they
had input into the design of the assessment, assignment types and grading
systems within the class.
[22] Twenge, J. M.
(2006). “Generation me”, pp. 27-28.
[23] Holliday, W.
& Li, Q. (2004). Understanding the Millennials: Updating Our Knowledge About
Students, Reference Services Review, Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 356-366.
[24] Lucan,
B.C.(2008). MyGeneration Y God, Sydney, Special Broadcasting Service,
(Documentary).
[25] Lowry, A.
(2009). Europe’s New Lost generation, Foreign Policy, 13th
July,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/2009/07/13/eurpes_new_lost_generation,
(accessed 14th December 2009).
[26] Cochran, J.
(2007). Generation Y Not Now?, Franchising World, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp.
91-94.
[27] Alch, M.L.
(2008). Get ready for a new kind of worker in the workplace: the net generation,
Supervision, Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 18-21.
[28] Cennamo, L. &
Gardner, D. (2008). Generational differences in work values, outcomes and
person-organization values fit, Journal of Management Psychology, Vol.
23, No. 8, pp. 891-906.
[29] Cochran, J.
(2007). Generation Y Not Now?, Franchising World, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp.
91-94.
[30] Audet, J.,
Gasse, C., Gasse, Y., & Tremblay, M. (2009). Aspiring Entrepreneurs: The Case of
Generation Y, Papers and Proceedings of the Southern Academy of
Entrepreneurship 2009 Annual Conference, Southern Journal of Entrepreneurship,
pp. 5-19.
[31] Sweeny, R.
(2006). Millennial behaviors and demographics,
http://library2.njit.edu/staff-folders/sweeney/Millennials/Article-Millennials-Behaviors.doc,
(accessed 15th December 2009).
[32] Arthur, B.
(2008). MyGeneration Y21, Sydney, Special Broadcasting Service,
(Documentary).
[33] Johnson, S.
(2005). Everything bad is good for you: How today’s popular culture is actually
making us smarter, New York, Riverhead Books.
[34] Jones, R.
(2007). Can Toyota’s Scion Keep its Edge?: Brand aimed at famously fickle
Generation Y buyers, msnbc, 21st March,
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17688646/, (accessed 17th
December 2009).
[35] Stanat (2006)
classifies those born between 1980-89 as the after-eighty generation, especially
those born along the coastal areas of China. According to Stanat this generation
is not dissimilar to generation Y in the west.
[36] Lasserre, P.
and Schutte, H. (2006). Strategies for Asia Pacific: Meeting new challenges,
3rd Edition, Basingstoke, Hampshire and New York,
Palmgrave MacMillan, P. 75.
[37] Demoor, P., &
Zhang, W. (2007). China’s Y Generation, Orion Journal of International Hotel
Management, No. 2, pp. 15-19.
April, 2012
PUBLICATIONS:
Samsara and the
Organization - Murray Hunter
Integrating the philosophy of Tawhid – an Islamic approach to organization. -
Murray Hunter
What’s
with all the hype – a look at aspirational marketing - Murray Hunter
Does Intrapreneurship exist in Asia? - Murray Hunter
One Man, Multiple Inventions: The lessons and legacies of Thomas Edison -
Murray Hunter
People tend to start businesses for the wrong reasons - Murray Hunter
How
emotions influence, how we see the world? - Murray Hunter
How we create new ideas - Murray Hunter
Where do entrepreneurial opportunities come from? - Murray Hunter
The five types of thinking we use - Murray Hunter
Evaluating Entrepreneurial Opportunities: What’s wrong with SWOT? - Murray
Hunter
How
motivation really works - Murray Hunter
The
Evolution of Business Strategy - Murray Hunter
Not all opportunities are the same: A look at the four types of
entrepreneurial opportunity -
Murray Hunter
Do we have a creative intelligence? - Murray Hunter
Imagination may be more important than knowledge: The eight types of
imagination we use - Murray Hunter
The environment as a multi-dimensional system: Taking off your rose
coloured glasses
- Murray Hunter
Generational Attitudes and Behaviour -
Murray Hunter
Groupthink may still be a hazard to your organization - Murray Hunter
Perpetual Self conflict: Self awareness as a key to our ethical drive, personal mastery, and perception of
entrepreneurial opportunities - Murray Hunter
The Continuum of Psychotic Organisational Typologies - Murray Hunter
There is no such person as an entrepreneur, just a person who acts
entrepreneurially - Murray Hunter
Go Home, Occupy Movement!!-(The McFB– Was Ist Das?) - prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic
Diplomatie préventive - Aucun siècle Asiatique sans l’institution pan-Asiatique - prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic
Democide Mass-Murder
and the New World Order - Paul Adams















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BALKAN AREA


prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

Go Home, Occupy Movement!!
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(The McFB – Was Ist Das?)
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prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

Diplomatie préventive - Aucun sičcle Asiatique sans l’institution pan-Asiatique
- prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic\/span|

ADDENDUM – GREEN/POLICY PAPER: TOWARDS THE CREATION OF THE OSCE TASK FORCE ON (THE FUTURE OF) HUMAN CAPITAL
prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

Gunboat Diplomacy in the South China Sea – Chinese
strategic mistake
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Anis H. Bajrektarevic


Maasmechelen Village

Maasmechelen Village

Geopolitics of Quantum Buddhism: Our Pre-Hydrocarbon Tao Future
prof. dr. Anis Bajrektarevic

The Mexico-held G–20 voices its concerns over the situation in the EURO zone
- Anis H. Bajrektarevic

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